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Metamaterials are artificially engineered periodic structures with exceptional optical properties that are not found in conventional materials. They are built from individual elements, designed to mimic the electromagnetic response of atoms. Stacking many nano-engineered elements smaller than the wavelength of light makes new solid materials. Such materials have extremely unusual properties, such as negative refractive indices to focus light much smaller than its wavelength (super-lensing), or electromagnetic cloaking (of an object). The alliance of metamaterials with the fields of plasmonics, nanophotonics and nanofabrication technologies can further advance the possibility of controlling light propagation, radiation, localization and scattering in in unprecedented ways.